The use of electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigs or vaping, has increased among former smokers and young adults who have never smoked. Relatively little is known, however, about their health effects (whether they are adverse, have no effect, or are beneficial). The purpose of this research study is to evaluate (1) the association of e-cig use with…
Over time, children and young adults who have had a Fontan operation may find they are more tired, have difficulty breathing and cannot exercise as well as before. Currently, there are no approved medicines to prevent this decline. The purpose of this research study is to learn whether children who have had the Fontan operation can improve their ability to…