Additional Study Information: The purpose of this study is to learn more about the treatment of children and teenagers whose leukemia has come back (has relapsed) or has not gone away after other treatments (is refractory). Participants will receive the study drug, called carfilzomib in combination with standard chemotherapy, that are dexamethasone, daunorubicin, vincristine and PEG-asparaginase. The study consist of 3 periods: screening, treatment and end of study period. Participants with stable disease or better response at the end of the Induction Cycle will be offered an optional cycle of Consolidation chemotherapy.